2011年8月15日 星期一
社會情懷:冷漠的解藥
在我個人的探究過程中,別具意義的是,我發現人從一開始有困難便終其一生地努力以求克服。這似乎會導引出一種顯而易見的矛盾,也就是說,不凡的成就常來自勇於克服阻礙,它並非天生才能所使然,反而更可能是才能的缺乏所造。──阿德勒
個體心理學的基本原則:
1. 人是社會性的存在,生命的意義乃是藉由關懷人類同伴而展現的合作與貢獻獲得歸屬感。
2. 所有的行為都有獲得歸屬感與社會重要性的目的。
3. 我們是完整的個體(即認知、感受和行為合一);生活的各個層面也不可分割(例如工作、愛、友誼/家庭/社群、與自我和他人和諧地相處)。
4. 我們賦予個人早期經驗意義,並且終其一生依此藍圖行事。
5. 生命具有動向(movement)。我們天生具有創造性力量以克服、補償及奮力追求完美的目標。
6. 完美是虛構的。當我們奮力追求完美,勢必經驗到過度補償或補償不足的種種問題。
7. 有平等才有歸屬。生活中的各種問題都起因於個人和群體的自卑感。
8. 個人的自由與社會責任同時並存。
9. 勇氣與社會情懷是全體人類的價值,它們同時也是個人和社會的幸福目標和策略。
10. 快樂是人類共同的目標。當個體和社會找到造就我們社會勇氣的力量時,快樂則觸手可及。
資料來源:The Psychology of Courage-- An Adlerian Handbook for Healthy Social Living
2011年7月29日 星期五
團體動力工作坊隨筆

團體動力工作坊隨筆
時間:100.04.9、10、16、17
講師:楊蓓老師
◎外團體的觀察是否會誤會內團體?事實上,沒有客觀的存在,所有事件都是主觀存在。
◎團體衝突表示團體檯面下的東西拉到檯面上,暗流尚未澄清就會帶出來。
◎團體迷思~當團體同質性很高讓團體有鑽牛角尖之決定。
◎在團體中要認清人群互動背後的動力因素,專業下容易帶上專業面具。
◎團體形成當中易質很容易發生,要看團體是不是真的可以包容,檢視當角色發生時你是包容角色還是個人?
◎當團體中成員跳tone,可能是反映出成員中的關係連結,可能害怕失去自己(害怕失去自己的專業角色),鼓勵要有勇氣將〝人〞拿出來。
◎團體動力四元素:自我揭露、支持、執行團體、意義歸屬
◎真實狀態(內在的東西)呈現出來讓人知道(就是連結)
◎有一種現象就是看自己不順眼,建議放輕鬆,試著接納自己,花力氣管自己還不如縱容自己、改變自己,接納現況才可改變
◎痛為很自然的事情
◎接觸團體中成員的害怕
◎當讀到一個人情緒放出來卻又收回去背後的感覺?語言?發生什麼?距離?
◎跟人接觸時同樣一句話你現在感覺什麼?背後意義?心裡距離?
◎語言飄走了就無法有支持的同感,說出你想要的,在團體中有沒有,可以跟自己核對一下
◎說出去後縮回去很可能是代表自己不被肯定
◎搭別人的東西接自己的話是團體功能未出現的現象,以為有連結實際上卻沒有
◎團體中就像細胞與細胞想要連結,震著震著就分開來了,對於團體中喜不喜歡自己有一個疑問,自己會產生一個毒素那就是孤獨,對於自己身上的毒素那就試著去擁抱去滋養產生能量
◎一個人身上的能量會與團體產生現象
◎Flight-Fight,今天你與你的毒素fight不是攻打是要去擁抱
◎ Inclusion,Control:互相競爭,互相取暖(助人工者中常常會發生,是同行卻又競爭)
◎建議團體打開天窗說亮話
◎青少年團體:我一個人未必未被看見,但是一群人一定會被看見,所以結盟一定有目的性的。
資料來源:華人伴侶與家族治療協會(http://www.acft.org.tw/qNews_Show.asp?ID=135)
時間:100.04.9、10、16、17
講師:楊蓓老師
◎外團體的觀察是否會誤會內團體?事實上,沒有客觀的存在,所有事件都是主觀存在。
◎團體衝突表示團體檯面下的東西拉到檯面上,暗流尚未澄清就會帶出來。
◎團體迷思~當團體同質性很高讓團體有鑽牛角尖之決定。
◎在團體中要認清人群互動背後的動力因素,專業下容易帶上專業面具。
◎團體形成當中易質很容易發生,要看團體是不是真的可以包容,檢視當角色發生時你是包容角色還是個人?
◎當團體中成員跳tone,可能是反映出成員中的關係連結,可能害怕失去自己(害怕失去自己的專業角色),鼓勵要有勇氣將〝人〞拿出來。
◎團體動力四元素:自我揭露、支持、執行團體、意義歸屬
◎真實狀態(內在的東西)呈現出來讓人知道(就是連結)
◎有一種現象就是看自己不順眼,建議放輕鬆,試著接納自己,花力氣管自己還不如縱容自己、改變自己,接納現況才可改變
◎痛為很自然的事情
◎接觸團體中成員的害怕
◎當讀到一個人情緒放出來卻又收回去背後的感覺?語言?發生什麼?距離?
◎跟人接觸時同樣一句話你現在感覺什麼?背後意義?心裡距離?
◎語言飄走了就無法有支持的同感,說出你想要的,在團體中有沒有,可以跟自己核對一下
◎說出去後縮回去很可能是代表自己不被肯定
◎搭別人的東西接自己的話是團體功能未出現的現象,以為有連結實際上卻沒有
◎團體中就像細胞與細胞想要連結,震著震著就分開來了,對於團體中喜不喜歡自己有一個疑問,自己會產生一個毒素那就是孤獨,對於自己身上的毒素那就試著去擁抱去滋養產生能量
◎一個人身上的能量會與團體產生現象
◎Flight-Fight,今天你與你的毒素fight不是攻打是要去擁抱
◎ Inclusion,Control:互相競爭,互相取暖(助人工者中常常會發生,是同行卻又競爭)
◎建議團體打開天窗說亮話
◎青少年團體:我一個人未必未被看見,但是一群人一定會被看見,所以結盟一定有目的性的。
資料來源:華人伴侶與家族治療協會(http://www.acft.org.tw/qNews_Show.asp?ID=135)
2011年6月21日 星期二
我不知道自己的感覺

「正常癖性格(Normotic Personality)」-Psychoanalyst Christopher Bollas
這種人想要正常的欲望強烈到不正常的程度。根據Bollas的分析,這種人的生活完全跟隨社會的價值與物質標準,如盡量累積各種「東西」包括知識、金錢、朋友、妻子、孩子、車子等,卻無法真正體驗主觀的感覺、思想與衝突,任何物質成就或人際關係也就無法產生個人的意義。
對男人而言,這個疾病的主要癥狀是情感的淡化。
有些人之所以不輕易表達感情,則是與過度自制、不涉情感與枯燥的生活態度有關。這種主觀意識的僵化往往是一種不明顯的沮喪,特徵是將生活當作一成不變的苦差事,雖然口頭上未必承認。這種狀況可以持數年之久,到後來往往導致所謂的中年危機。
物理學的基本定律(如物質不滅)似乎在這裡也同樣適用:所請情感淡漠並不是不存在,情感不會憑空消失,其質與量也不會減少,只是以不同形式存在,這個形式可能不是刻意選擇的,有時候甚至連自己都沒有意料到。例如男人的情緒反應常會延遲表現或以替代形式表現。
在人際關係上情感淡漠也常男人陷入困境,不只是周遭的人會感到痛苦,男人也會因為對自己的感覺太麻木而對他人的感覺缺乏預期能力與同理心。或許就是因為對己對人都缺乏同理心,男人似乎永遠無法說抱歉。即使說出口了也總似缺乏誠意。
當一個人缺乏同理心,對痛苦又很麻木,便很容易為自己的錯誤行為找尋藉口。這些顯然是為了免除罪惡感的合理化藉口,如果你一開始就誠實面對自己的感覺,或許就能避免後來的麻煩。
兩性關係也是一樣的。很多男人會為外遇找藉口,辯稱並未真正背叛配偶。正因為他們能對妻子的痛苦麻木,才能編出各種似是而非的藉口:「我和她只有性沒有愛」、「我們只有接吻而已」、「我從來不吻她的」、「我們又沒有發生關係」、「只是她為我服務而已」、「反正我老婆不喜歡行房」、「都是酒精害了我」等等。
未婚男人也有類似的心態,只是表現方式較為迂迴。例如很多男人誇口誠實告訴女友自己只想要遊戲人間。他們一方面藉著這道護身符讓自己免於道德的約束,一方面也反映出他們只想要將女友當作性工具,但又不想承擔罪惡感。
2011年2月27日 星期日
團體領導技巧-攔阻(Blocking)

團體的帶領者在團體中使用的技巧有很多,但是攔阻是指領導者阻止團體內的負向行為。領導者有時需要敏感、直接且有能力阻止團體中攻擊個人的行為。攔阻的重點是具體的行為,而非行為中的個人,且應該避免標籤作用的產生。
以下這些為在團體中通常是需要被攔阻的:
- 代罪羔羊(Scapegoating)假如某些成員聯合起來以指責的態度將他們的感覺發洩在某位成員身上,此時領導者就要介入,並要求參與的成員將注意力轉向反思自己個人內在發生的經驗。
- 團體壓力(Group pressure)領導者需要去察覺某些成員會有施壓其他成員做些改變或是做些新的行為的企圖。
- 提問題(Questioning)習慣去質問他們或是問太多封閉式問題成員,領導者可以邀請他們嘗試用直接的陳述而不是不斷地問問題。
(Theory & Practice of Group Counseling/ Gerald Corey)
2010年8月3日 星期二
Your Child and Divorce--Five Things Your Child Needs From You

By Denise Witmer, About.com
Take care of yourself. A divorcing parent is often a very busy parent. Add to that dealing with the pain everyone is feeling, the legal process of a divorce, and the changes in what were your normal everyday routines and you have stress. Because of this, you need to pay very close attention to your health – both mental and physical.
Get a check up. Ask your doctor for some ways to stay healthy. Simple things like taking a vitamin everyday will help. Talk to a professional about what is going on in your life. Get some coping strategies for your everyday stress along with some for the stress the divorce is causing. The more you take care of you, the better you’ll be able to take care of your children.
Be available.Whether it’s to listen, comfort, or take a little of their wrath, be there for your child. Your child needs your attention and your time. This will not come automatically, you will need to find the time for them and make it a regular occurrence. Sit down and have a family meal – every night. Ask them how their day was and listen to the answer. Remember your goodnights and good-mornings. Schedule some one-on-one time with each of your children at least once a month.
Stay consistent in discipline, routines, and relationships.Try and be a unified front with your ex-spouse. Try to agree on what is allowed, and what isn’t. If this cannot be done, set your rules and limits and keep them consistent in your household.
Daily and weekly routines are a godsend if you have them or are able to create them. They save time and reduce stress. Children of divorced couples are often very stressed when their parents are constantly changing where the child will be and when. Set up your child’s routine and keep it consistent.
There are two things to keep in mind when dealing with consistency in relationships and your child. One, your child has relationships with your ex-spouse’s family. You’ll need to respect that no matter if your relationship with that person is still viable or not. Two, your child is still your child, not your confidant, messenger, or sounding board. The less you ‘use’ your child at this time, the better they will be able to adjust to the divorce and live normally.
Keep your promises – both expressed and implied.It’s easy to promise your child the world when you know they are hurting and you are part of the cause of that hurt. Don’t compound the problem by promising them everything under the sun and then not being able to deliver. And if you do make a promise, keep it.
We all live with implied promises and we count on them. In the family, it is implied that our parents will love us forever. This needs to remain a constant in their lives. Do not make your children any less important to you because you are not seeing them as often or you cannot get along with your ex-spouse.
The art of letter writing has gone out of style, but could be your saving grace if you learn to pick it up and keep it consistent. Letters are very personal things that will be treasured by your child. Pick up a pen and paper. Write about your day, a good joke you heard, the weather – it doesn’t matter. Just end it in ‘I love you.’
Be the one to model resilience.How you accept the change in your family dynamic will model, or ‘show’, your child how to accept the change. It’s back to ‘children learn what they live’. If you are able to get some help, accept the change in your life, and move on to creating something better for yourself, your child will learn how to be resilient with major changes in their life. If you remain bitter towards your ex-spouse, continue having conflicts, and/or ‘use’ your child in anyway, that is what you will be teaching them.
Here is a list of what resilient parents would never do, and if you’re doing them, resolve to put a stop to it immediately.
· They don't talk negatively about their spouse in front of them.
· They don't use the child as a spy.
· They don't use the child as a weapon.
· They don't argue or fight with your spouse while the child is listening.
Take care of yourself. A divorcing parent is often a very busy parent. Add to that dealing with the pain everyone is feeling, the legal process of a divorce, and the changes in what were your normal everyday routines and you have stress. Because of this, you need to pay very close attention to your health – both mental and physical.
Get a check up. Ask your doctor for some ways to stay healthy. Simple things like taking a vitamin everyday will help. Talk to a professional about what is going on in your life. Get some coping strategies for your everyday stress along with some for the stress the divorce is causing. The more you take care of you, the better you’ll be able to take care of your children.
Be available.Whether it’s to listen, comfort, or take a little of their wrath, be there for your child. Your child needs your attention and your time. This will not come automatically, you will need to find the time for them and make it a regular occurrence. Sit down and have a family meal – every night. Ask them how their day was and listen to the answer. Remember your goodnights and good-mornings. Schedule some one-on-one time with each of your children at least once a month.
Stay consistent in discipline, routines, and relationships.Try and be a unified front with your ex-spouse. Try to agree on what is allowed, and what isn’t. If this cannot be done, set your rules and limits and keep them consistent in your household.
Daily and weekly routines are a godsend if you have them or are able to create them. They save time and reduce stress. Children of divorced couples are often very stressed when their parents are constantly changing where the child will be and when. Set up your child’s routine and keep it consistent.
There are two things to keep in mind when dealing with consistency in relationships and your child. One, your child has relationships with your ex-spouse’s family. You’ll need to respect that no matter if your relationship with that person is still viable or not. Two, your child is still your child, not your confidant, messenger, or sounding board. The less you ‘use’ your child at this time, the better they will be able to adjust to the divorce and live normally.
Keep your promises – both expressed and implied.It’s easy to promise your child the world when you know they are hurting and you are part of the cause of that hurt. Don’t compound the problem by promising them everything under the sun and then not being able to deliver. And if you do make a promise, keep it.
We all live with implied promises and we count on them. In the family, it is implied that our parents will love us forever. This needs to remain a constant in their lives. Do not make your children any less important to you because you are not seeing them as often or you cannot get along with your ex-spouse.
The art of letter writing has gone out of style, but could be your saving grace if you learn to pick it up and keep it consistent. Letters are very personal things that will be treasured by your child. Pick up a pen and paper. Write about your day, a good joke you heard, the weather – it doesn’t matter. Just end it in ‘I love you.’
Be the one to model resilience.How you accept the change in your family dynamic will model, or ‘show’, your child how to accept the change. It’s back to ‘children learn what they live’. If you are able to get some help, accept the change in your life, and move on to creating something better for yourself, your child will learn how to be resilient with major changes in their life. If you remain bitter towards your ex-spouse, continue having conflicts, and/or ‘use’ your child in anyway, that is what you will be teaching them.
Here is a list of what resilient parents would never do, and if you’re doing them, resolve to put a stop to it immediately.
· They don't talk negatively about their spouse in front of them.
· They don't use the child as a spy.
· They don't use the child as a weapon.
· They don't argue or fight with your spouse while the child is listening.
